Novel Orbital and Conducting Phases of Matter Induced with a Magnetic Field

Figure 3. (top graph) The vibrational mode frequency plotted vs. temperature and magnetic field for Ca₃Ru₂O₇, for magnetic fields applied along the a-axis. Red and orange regions correspond to the “high conducting” orbital-degenerate (top illustration) regime, while the blue regions correspond to the “low-conducting” orbital-ordered (bottom illustration) regime. Thick lines are illustrative constant-temperature contour lines. The thick purple line represents a particular contour line associated with a field-induced “reentrant” transition from an antiferromagnetic orbital-ordered state, to an orbital-degenerate state, and finally to a ferromagnetic orbital-ordered state. The thick blue line represents a contour line associated with a transition from an orbital-degenerate state toward a ferromagnetic orbital-ordered state is observed.

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